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An Introduction to Portfolio-Based Learning Assessment (PBLA):
A Closer Look at Needs Assessment, Goal-Setting, and Learning Reflections
Needs assessments, goal-setting, and learning reflections are key components in the successful implementation of portfolio-based learning assessment. Making up the bulk of the About Me section of the Learning Portfolio, these three activities are vital because they will inform program planning and help develop learners’ metacognitive, or reflective, skills.
Needs assessments take place before the learner enters the program and periodically throughout the learner’s length of study. Depending on the learner’s level of English, it can be done through an oral interview, in a written form, or with the assistance of an interpreter. The needs assessment can be focused on one of the following areas or a combination of the following:
Skills-based
This type of assessment focuses on the skills a learner needs or wants to improve, may it be listening, reading, writing, or speaking skills.
Themes-/topics-based
This type of assessment looks at the interests of the learner. If the learners enjoy music, current events, technology, and sports, these topics can be incorporated into lessons to engage the class and make it more relevant to those attending.
Tasks-based
This type of assessment focuses on what types of tasks the learners want to know how to do. The learner may want to learn how to interact with people in a grocery store, complete a government form, or understand a news program. Tasks can be grouped under larger categories, such as community services, government services, health and safety, school, recreation, or travel. Teaching these tasks may require supporting vocabulary and multiple or overlapping skills.
General-, or profile-, based
This type of assessment aims to create a profile or establish the backgrounds of the learners in the class. This assessment can include finding out what kinds of formal education the learner has; learning preferences, such as whether the learner prefers working alone, with a partner, or in a group; and the types of supports or barriers the learner has.
Goal-setting also takes place before the learner enters the program. The learner can set short-term and/or long-term goals, identifying specific steps that need to be taken to achieve those goals and determining a timeline for when those steps can be accomplished. The goals established with the learner should be periodically reviewed throughout the length of study to ensure the program is on the right track in assisting the learner. Achieving goals can also be a source of encouragement and motivation for ESL learners.